40 YEARS OF AUDI FIVE-CYLINDER ENGINES

 40 years ago, Audi presented the first five-cylinder petrol engine in the second-generation Audi 100. Enhancements and new developments followed, with turbocharging, emissions control and four-valve technology, rally engines and five-cylinder diesel units. Today, the 2.5 TFSI in the Audi RS 3 Sportback and in the Audi TT RS carries on the great tradition of five-cylinder powerplants.

The five-cylinder engines from Audi have achieved cult status – partly due to their successful deployment in motorsport and also on account of their reliability and economy. They have played a vital role in definingVorsprung durch Technik and to this day provide an emotional driving experience with their characteristic sound

The first five-cylinder petrol engine powered the Audi 100 (C2) in 1976. The model, known internally as Type 43, was to be positioned higher than its predecessor in the market. The car’s developers agreed that contemporary four-cylinder engines were not suitable for this plan. At the beginning of the 1970s, Audi engineers consequently discussed the possibility of introducing five- and six-cylinder inline engines. The latter was ruled out due to the installation space required and unfavourable weight distribution.

The developers opted for the five-cylinder inline engine, based on the new EA 827 engine concept – this four-cylinder inline engine was used throughout the VW Group in the 1970s, in the Audi 80 and Audi 100, for instance.

The derived 2.1-litre five-cylinder engine produced 136 hp. A modern injection system increased efficiency and power development. Delivery of the Audi 100 5E began in March 1977.

As early as 1978, Audi presented the first diesel version: a naturally aspirated diesel with a displacement of two litres, producing 70 hp. One year later, the first turbocharged five-cylinder petrol engine made its debut – another pioneering feat from Audi. With an output of 170 hp and 265Nm of torque, it powered the new top model, the Audi 200 5T.

The five-cylinder petrol engine in the 1980 Audi “Ur-quattro®” had even more to offer. With turbocharging, an intercooler and permanent four-wheel drive, it constituted a powerful technical package for the racetrack and the road. Initially, it delivered 200 hp. In 1983, the Finn Hannu Mikkola won the drivers’ title in the World Rally Championship in this car. In the same year, Audi introduced the wide-track Sport quattro®, which was 24 centimetres shorter. It was powered by a newly developed four-valve five-cylinder unit made of aluminium with an output of 306 hp. It made the Sport quattro® the most powerful car built to date by a German company for use on public roads.

The model formed the basis for a new Group B rally car, with the four-valve powerplant delivering 450 hp from the very start. It was used for the first time in the penultimate race of 1984, the Ivory Coast rally. The other eleven rounds of the season were contested by the Swede Stig Blomqvist in the Group B Audi quattro® A2 producing 360 hp. In the end, he won the drivers’ title and Audi took the manufacturers’ title.

Even after Audi withdrew from rallying in 1986, there were other racing highlights: in 1987, Walter Röhrl won the Pikes Peak Hill Climb (USA) in the Audi Sport quattro® S1 (E2). The racing car produced 598 hp. And the IMSA GTO excelled on the US touring car scene in 1989, delivering 720 hp – from little more than two litres of displacement.

Audi presented another milestone in automotive history at the International Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main in 1989: the Audi 100 TDI. It was the first production car with a five-cylinder direct-injection turbocharged diesel engine and fully electronic control. The powerplant generated 120 hp from a displacement of 2.5 litres. Audi continued to refine its range of five-cylinder gasoline engines. In 1994, the Audi RS 2 with an output of 315 hp came on to the market. As an Avant with the power of a sports car, it established a new automotive class.

1994 saw the five-cylinder units bow out of the B segment, when the Audi A4 (B5) was introduced. They were gradually replaced in the mid-1990s by the new V6 engines. The last five-cylinder engines, the 2.5 TDI in the Audi A6 and the 2.3 Turbo in the Audi S6, were phased out in 1997.

Then in 2009 there was a big comeback: turbocharging and gasoline direct injection in the Audi TT RS. The transverse-mounted engine developed by quattro® GmbH produced 340 hp from a displacement of 2.5 litres. It also offered outstanding performance in the RS 3 Sportback and in the RS Q3. The TT RS plus, which Audi presented in 2012, mustered up an impressive 360 hp. Today, the 2.5 TFSI in the Audi TT RS produces 400 hp. An international jury of motoring journalists has voted the five-cylinder powerplant “Engine of the Year” seven times in a row since 2010.

The first Audi to feature a five-cylinder engine is on display at the “From zero to 100” classic car exhibition at the Audi Forum in Neckarsulm until 6 November 2016.